Drought stress sorghum pdf

I using incolumn dnase i digestion as described in the users manual. Apr 17, 2018 and out of all natural disasters, drought contributes to the largest losses in cereal crop yields. Mean diurnal temperature and evaporation rate were uniformly high throughout the experiment. Physiological response to drought stress the two sorghum accessions revealed significant differences p drought stress for all measured characters table 1.

Water stress reduces the rate of cell expansion and, ultimately, cell size and consequently, growth rate, stem elongation, and leaf expansion 27. Thus under drought stress condition the number of the green functional leaves decreases thereby. Physiological, genetic and molecular basis of drought. Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop grown in the arid and semiarid regions of 98 different countries. Inside science scientists want to know how one of the worlds most important grain crops, sorghum, can tolerate months of harsh, dry conditions. Rnaseq, drought stress, sorghum bicolor, water use efficiency, drought tolerance background drought is the most important abiotic stress in terms of limiting crop productivity worldwide. Grain sorghum water requirement sorghum water use is mainly affected by its growth stages and. In sorghum, recent emphasis on field screening under severe drought stress has led to significant developments in the understanding of drought tolerance.

Pdf evaluation of sorghum genotypes under drought stress. Efficient screening methods coupled with high throughput phenotyping techniques are required for breeding climate resilient crops. An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. Near isogenic lines nils of sweet sorghum genotype s35 into which individual stay green loci were introgressed, were used to understand the contribution of stay green loci to stem sugar accumulation and its remobilization under drought stress exposure.

Against mild drought, one of the most rapid defensive measures is the closing of the stomatal pore, caused by shrinking of the flanking guard cells, in order to reduce transpiration that accounts for 90% of. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. Since grain yield of sorghum is likely to be affected by postanthesis drought stress in rainfed farming systems of northeastern australia chapman et al. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water. The implication of these results in relation to adaptation to drought stress is. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize. Since sorghum is often exposed to drought and high temperature heat stress, this study investigated the effect of stress applied at different phenological stages of crop development on the glucose levels in grain and subsequent ethanol production. Developing drought resistant cereal crops continues to be a major challenge in the climate change scenario. Further, in sorghum, drought tolerance is defined as demonstrat ing high yields under drought stress, which both of these varieties have been. Moisture stress, drought tolerance, breeding, genetics, mechanisms, sorghum bicolor. Now, for the first time, scientists have looked at the soil near sorghum plants to learn what role microbes play in the crops unique ability to endure drought.

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor limiting crop production. Despite greatly different soil moisture contents, the contribution of sorghum to the intercrop dry matter yield was similar, averaging 43 % in 2006 and 40 % in 2007. Twenty sorghum plants ten per each genotype were subjected to severe drought stress by withholding water from 26 dae days after emergence until 34 dae when 0. Is22330 and the strategy adopted to cope with drought stress. At a middle stage of drought watering had stopped for 56 d when soil wc had decreased for both sorghum and. Our data demonstrate that drought responsiveness tolerance in sorghum cultivars during germination is associated with enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. In terms of the effect of silicon on sorghum, information regarding drought tolerance and water uptake ability is lacking. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. All plants were subjected to one of three conditions during their lifecycles. Under conditions of moderate and no drought stress, sunflower had a dry matter yield proportion of roughly one. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in.

Pdf drought resistance mechanism and adaptation to water. We sequenced the mrna from weekly samples of these plants, resulting in a molecular profile of drought response over the growing season. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. Microbes in soil help sorghum stay strong against droughts.

Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. Transcriptome analysis of droughtresistant and drought. Moench but little is known about its effects on panicle development. The present study was conducted to document the effects of silicon application under waterlimited conditions on the drought tolerance of sorghum and how drought tolerance of sorghum may be. Drought is a multidimensional stress affecting plants at various levels of their organization. Bidinger, and sardar singh abstract the wide range of environments in which sorghum and pearl millet are grown in semiarid india can be grouped as variable, optimum or nearoptimum, and stored soil moisture types. Nov 09, 2010 pdf because sorghum is a droughttolerant crop, it is often preferred by producers in cases of expected water stress. Grain yield in relation to the timing of stress the effects of stress on total aboveground dry matter, grain yield, harvest index hi and components of yield are given in table 2. Moench and other cereals in mediterranean and semiarid tropical climates. Evaluation of drought and heat stressed grain sorghum. Drought and salt stress tolerance in sorghum has been investigated in previous studies by smith et al 1989, igartua et al 1994, maiti et al 1994, kaur gill et al 2002 and ambika et al 2011. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought stress. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but.

The effect of and plant response to drought at the whole plant and crop level is most complex because it reflects the integration of stress effects and responses at all underlying levels of organization over space and time. Fungal community assembly in droughtstressed sorghum shows. Droughtstress causes decline in sorghum productivity worldwide. Therefore, drought can cause loss in a sorghum crop even before plant establishment 8. Research article comparative analysis of sorghum bicolor. The c 4 crops, for example, sorghum, evolved from the tropics are generally, more drought and heat. Response of sorghum and pearl millet to drought stress in. Moench, 2n 2x 20 is the emerging model crop species for the tropical grasses with c4 photosynthesis. To explore the effects of sorghum development on rootassociated. The early seedling and preflowering reproductive stages of sorghum are sensitive to water stress. Our results indicated drought stress increased root to shoot ratio in sorghum and was significant compared with the control fig4. Sorghum is well adapted to hot dry environments and regarded as a model for studying drought resistance among the grasses. The rabi sorghum crop faced only mild drought limitation within the season 44% of the time. Moench, grain sorghum, yield components, pollen sterility, sorghum coldtolerance.

Significant progress in genome mapping of this crop has also. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghumsudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Sorghum is a c4 crop and its yield levels are highly affected by terminal drought stress under rainfed conditions. Out of these the more severe vegetative terminal drought types occurred 7% of the time, preflowering terminal drought 18% of the time, postflowering terminal drought 18% of the time, and postflowering relieved stress 17% of the time. The crop can be affected if the drought stress is imposed at any. In order to minimize risk it may be wise to consider growing forage sorghum for hay or silage in place of a grain crop.

Effect of drought stress on yield and quality of maize. Many studies have reported responses to drought stress in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Determination of genotypic variation among sorghum cultivars. However, sorghum is drought tolerant and it is a c 4 crop which is well adapted to semiarid regions quinby, 1974. As a droughttolerant crop, sorghum is widely grown in the more arid areas of the world ejeta and knoll, 2007, ramazanzadeh and asgharipour, 2011, reddy et al. In terms of climate change, this is a crop that you want people to grow. Plant growth parameter in sorghum bicolor as influenced by. Corn, a close relative to sorghum, is an important food and energy crop, but after only three weeks without any water, the plants stop producing grain. Water is an increasingly scarce resource given current and future human population and societal needs, putting an emphasis on sustainable water use rosegrant and cline. Sorghum is a useful crop to grow in areas with erratic, poorly distributed or inadequate rainfall.

The continued decrease in productivity of field crops in north kordofan semiarid environment mainly resulting from rainfall decline and drought. The genetic basis of drought tolerance is ascribed to quantitative trait. Mali is one of the largest sorghum producing countries in sub. Hence, developing drought tolerant varieties is a major breeding objective. Therefore, water stress decreases plant height and rate of leaf appearance. In arid regions, cereal production is widely limited by poor stand establishment jones and. Drought stress is a serious obstacle for crop production, especially in arid and semiarid areas of the world. Moench, drought resistance is a trait that is highly correlated with the thickness of the epicuticular wax layer. Sorghum is a highly drought tolerant crop and has been increasingly used as a model cereal to identify genes that confer tolerance.

Differences between two grain sorghum genotypes in adaptation. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for drought tolerance in some genotypes of sorghum a. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire. Thus, we show that drought significantly impacts root bacterial composition and activity in a timedependent manner with potential implications for crop fitness. Mapping qtls associated with drought resistance in sorghum. Fungal community assembly in droughtstressed sorghum. Sep 28, 2015 the epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. To help determine the best alternatives, we evaluated 30 sorghum cultivars with and without. Understanding the molecular response of plants to drought is critical to efforts to improve agricultural yields under increasingly frequent droughts. Drought stress during vegetative phase, flowering and grain filling periods cause considerable decrease in yield of sorghum 2. Physiological responses of selected african sorghum landraces to.

Changes of sorghum growth in response to drought and. Determination of genotypic variation among sorghum. Identification of genetic factors involved in plant responses to drought stress will provide a solid foundation to improve drought resistance. The effect of and plant response to drought at the whole plant and crop level is most complex because it reflects the integration of stress effects and responses at all underlying levels of. We grew 2 cultivars of the naturally drought tolerant food crop sorghum in the field under drought stress. Identification of genetic factors involved in plant responses to drought stress will pro. Fungal community assembly on crop plants is thought to be driven by deterministic selection exerted by the host. Response of sorghum and pearl millet to drought stress in semiarid india n. Severe drought stress at this time can impede panicle exertion from the boot and lead to incomplete flowering anthesis, seed set and loss in grain yield.

Drought tolerance at these stages are important for plant. Catalase, drought stress, peroxidase, relative water content, superoxide dismutase, sorghum bicolor. Water availability is, therefore, of primary importance for a nonlimiting crop. Antioxidant responses to drought in sunflower and sorghum.

The appearance of grain sorghum at the panicle initiation growth stage. Physiological and proteomic analysis of two contrasting. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with. Sorghum is one of the most drought tolerant grain crops and is used in biofuel production. To cope with drought stress, plants reprogram a wide range of. Experiments have demonstrated that rice varieties with a thick cuticle layer retain their leaf turgor for longer periods of time after the onset of a waterstress. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Genetic analysis of various traits of hybrids sorghum. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Also, priming improves enzyme activity as compared to the unprimed seeds. Drought stress remains a major constraint on crop production in arid and semiarid climates. Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011.

There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Droughtstress in sorghum has been characterized at both preflowering and post flowering stages resulting in a drastic reduction in grain yield. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop and occupies the second position among the. Current methodologies for identifying the nonsenescent stay. Evaluation of sorghum genotypes under drought stress conditions using some stress tolerance indices article pdf available in african journal of biotechnology 1061. It is well adapted to the harsh droughtprone environments in which it is grown however. Drought tolerance in sorghum is a complex trait influenced by many genes coding for various traits contributing towards tolerance 8. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Elewa3 1department of genetics and cytology, division of genetic engineering and biotechnology, national research center, dokki, cairo, egypt.

The crops water requirements are greatest figure 3. Drought stress can have a major impact upon plant survival and crop productivity. Reduction in both shoot and root lengths were observed for tabat cultivar while el9 showed an increase in both measured parameters table 2. Sorghum grain yield under water stress 12679 genetis and moleular researh 14 4. To determine the stage of development most susceptible to water deficiency, in terms of grain yield components, eight plants of two sorghum lines were subjected to each of 10 single, successive drought stress treatments covering the entire life cycle. The symptoms of drought stress shows yellowing of the green functional leaves. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum. Crop responses to drought and the interpretation of. Because sorghum is a drought tolerant crop, it is often preferred by producers in cases of expected water stress.

Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. Drought stress induced a negative effect on physiological and biochemical traits of sorghum bibi et al. Testing h 2 drought stress and the sorghum mycobiome. Pdf grain sorghum water requirement and responses to. Moench were studied in both drought and normal conditions. Jan 24, 2020 the timing of this reprogramming and the nature of the drought regulated genes in different genotypes are thought to confer differential tolerance to drought stress. Results sorghum microbiome development is delayed by drought stress. Also, it takes more water to produce grain than a forage crop. Three early and four later flowering lines of sorghum were subjected to three drought stress treatments early, late and early plus late stress in the field during the dry season at hyderabad in india. Drought stress and yield in sorghum 81 109in, is 441 is, 22380 and icsv 2 remained vegetative throughout the early and early plus late stress treatments. For the study, the team grew two sorghum varieties. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. In each condition, the genotypes were evaluated using a split plot based randomized complete block design with three replications.

Transcriptomic analysis of fielddroughted sorghum from. Biomass production and grain yield of three sorghum lines differing. Pdf screening of sorghum sorghum bicolor l genotypes. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change. Drought stress characterization of postrainy season rabi. Most crops are not as tough as sorghum when faced with drought. Drought tolerance actually embodies several protective mechanisms deployed by plants commensurate with the stress severity and duration. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and. Non technical summary sorghums importance as a drought tolerant source of food, feed, and biofuels is increasing due to a world wide shortage of water resources and increasing nonagricultural demand for water the genetic basis of improved crop yield in waterlimited environments is complex and determined by many traits. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Drought is a complex phenomenon, and its considered one of the most important factors. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in sorghum.

Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. Dec 02, 2019 while sorghum is droughttolerant, the crops precise response is dependent on when exactly water becomes a limiting factor before or after flowering. In most cases, the sorghum roottoshoot ratio has been reported to increase under water stress 19, 24. Using molecular markers to study mechanics responsible for. Generally the sorghum crop shows water stress symptoms or drought symptoms at the soil moisture level of less than 30%. Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome. Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum bicolor responding to.